Beaux arts architecture is characterized by ornate ornamentation that is based off of the classical elements of Greek and Roman architecture made popular in Europe in the mid to late 19th century. It is the manifestation of the historical elements of eclectic design on a monumental scale as taught in the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris in the 19th Century. Many American architects studied in Paris as there were not any true schools of architecture in the United States until after the American Civil War. Many of these American architects were strongly influenced by the classical elements that were stressed in the French architectural schools.
The early proponents of the beaux arts style were Parisian trained and were fascinate with the grand pretentious styles of classical expression. Many more practical architects mocked the style at the time for the level of ornate ornamentation and pretentiousness about the style and the homes and buildings that it spawned. The arts and crafts movement with its streamlined forms and light ornamentation were a backlash to the style. Today the style is seen as a legitimate architectural genre and seen as truly expressive of the time that it was widely employed in America and Europe. The school that started it all was founded by Louis XII to supply architects and designers to build his palace at Versailles. The Ecole Des Beaux Arts. The training of the academy was in the understanding of classical forms. The style features and emphasizes form rather than function. Once the first architectural schools of the United States began to spring up the style was starting to die down. Schools like MIT founded in 1865, the University of Illinois in 1868 and Cornell University in 1871 started to turn out new and interesting styles different than beaux arts but the style remained strong among the affluent for well after the turn of the century.
Most of the beaux arts buildings were crafted or clad in stone. Much like jewelry they were ornamented and crusted with decorative elements. The jewel that would be used however was made of stone and rock and were the elaborate decorations that would often cover the outside of the building. Many city buildings were constructed in the style like court houses and City Hall Buildings. The style was heavily European drawing from the training of the famous architects of the style from Paris. Cities all over Europe and the United states from Manchester to Washington DC would employ artists to bring the style to their civic buildings interior. In conference in the Parisian schools of architecture students would draw inspiration from international talent. Although the traditional modes of Victorian design were very popular the beaux arts style was widely used in art galleries and museums all over Europe.
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